电影的历史的英语

Ⅰ 英文电影发展史

这个也太有难度了吧，非得专业人士不行啊，建议你还是直接娶你老师那边索要得了，呵呵，大不了请吃顿饭完事！

Ⅱ 求一篇电影发展史的作文，大学的，150字左右，要英文的急求！

The history of film spans over 100 years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day. Motion pictures developed graally from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were silent. Motion picture films have substantially affected the arts, technology, and politics.
The cinema was invented ring the 1890s, ring what is now called the instrial revolution. It was considered a cheaper, simpler way to provide entertainment to the masses. Movies would become the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age. It was simpler because of the fact that before the cinema people would have to travel long distances to see major dioramas or amusement parks. With the advent of the cinema this changed. During the first decade of the cinema's existence, inventors worked to improve the machines for making and showing films. The cinema is a complicated medium, and before it could be invented, several technological requirements had to be met

Ⅲ 帮忙找电影发展史的英语版本，万分感谢

History of Motion Pictures
I INTRODUCTION

History of Motion Pictures, historical development of the visual medium known as motion pictures, film, cinema, or the movies. This article covers the medium’s history as a technology, as a business, as an art form, and as a means of delivering entertainment and information to audiences in theaters and at home. It discusses major filmmakers and their films, principal fiction and nonfiction genres, and film instries in the United States and throughout the world. For more information on the technical aspects involved in creating a film, see Motion Picture.

II ORIGINS

In the early 19th century scientists took note of a visual phenomenon: A sequence of indivial still pictures, when set in motion, can give the illusion of movement. These scientists attributed this experience to what they called persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. The eye’s retention of a visual image, now known as positive afterimage, has long been considered a founding principle of motion pictures, even though its relationship to the perception of motion is still not well understood.

A Early Experiments

The persistence of vision concept stimulated experimentation with motion-picture devices throughout the 19th century. Among the first such devices was a slotted disk with a sequence of drawings around its perimeter. When a person spun the disk in front of a mirror and looked through the slots, the drawings appeared to move. The zoetrope, a device developed in the 1830s, was a hollow drum with a strip of pictures around its inner surface. When spun, it proced the same effect. In the 1870s French inventor Émile Reynaud improved on this idea by placing mirrors at the center of the drum. A few years later he developed a projecting version, using a reflector and a lens to enlarge the moving images. In 1892 he began holding public screenings in Paris at his Théâtre Optique, with hundreds of drawings on a reel that he wound through his apparatus to construct moving images that continued for 15 minutes.

Inventors began to conceive of combining the principles of these moving-image devices with the photographic recording of actual movement soon after the development of still photography in the 1830s. The most famous experiment occurred in the 1870s in California, where railroad tycoon Leland Stanford hired British photographer Eadweard Muybridge to settle a bet on whether a galloping horse ever had all four feet off the ground. Muybridge set up 12 cameras along a racetrack and spread threads across the track with a contact to each camera’s shutter. Moving along the track, the horse broke the threads and caused a sequence of photographs to be taken. The photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground, and Muybridge went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the zoopraxiscope.

Muybridge’s endeavors stimulated French scientist Étienne-Jules Marey to devise equipment for recording and analyzing animal and human movement. He built what he called a chronophotographic camera that could take multiple images superimposed on one another. His work was aided in turn by developments in photographic materials. In 1885 American inventor George Eastman introced sensitized paper roll “film” in place of the indivial glass plates then in use. In 1889 Eastman replaced the paper roll with celluloid, a synthetic plastic material coated with a gelatin emulsion.

B Thomas Alva Edison and William K. L. Dickson

Legendary American inventor Thomas Alva Edison drew upon the work of Muybridge, Marey, and Eastman when he turned his attention to motion pictures in the late 1880s. In his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, Edison assigned to a British employee, William K. L. Dickson, the task of constructing a machine for recording actual movement on film and another machine for viewing the resulting images. By 1891 Dickson had proced a motion-picture camera, called the Kinetograph, and a viewing machine, bbed the Kinetoscope.

The Kinetograph was operated by an electric motor that moved the celluloid film roll past the camera lens. Motor-driven cameras, which were bulky and stationary, were soon replaced by movable hand-cranked cameras. Dickson’s key contribution was a sprocket mechanism linked to the camera’s shutter, which momentarily stopped the film roll for each exposure. These separate still photographic images came to be called frames. Early cameras used a number of different speeds for exposing frames, but by the advent of sound film in the late 1920s the standard had become 24 frames per second.

In early 1893 Edison constructed a motion-picture studio on his laboratory grounds, bbed the Black Maria by his staff who thought it resembled police patrol wagons known by that nickname. On May 9, 1893, he held the first public exhibition of films shot using the Kinetograph in the Black Maria. But only one person at a time could use his viewing machine, the Kinetoscope. This boxlike structure contained a motor-and-shutter mechanism similar to the camera’s. It ran a loop of positive film past an electric light source, illuminating a tiny image, which the viewer observed through a small window. Kinetoscope viewing parlors containing many machines for indivial viewing began to open in cities in 1894. Edison and Dickson apparently gave little thought to a single machine that could project moving images to a large audience, something Reynaud had achieved in his Théâtre Optique. Reynaud, however, had displayed drawings rather than images photographed by a motion-picture camera.

C The Lumière Brothers

In France, the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière, who ran a factory in Lyons that manufactured photographic equipment, sought to improve on Edison’s accomplishment. By 1895 they developed a lightweight, hand-held camera that used a claw mechanism to advance the film roll. They named it the Cinématographe, and they soon discovered that it could also be used to show large images on a screen, when linked with projecting equipment. Throughout 1895 they shot films and projected them for select groups. Their first screening for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895.

Elsewhere other inventors were also busy. In Germany, the brothers Emil and Max Skladanowsky devised an apparatus and projected films in Berlin in November 1895. In Britain, a machine developed by Birt Acres and Robert W. Paul was used to project films in London in January 1896. In the United States, a projector called the Vitascope was constructed around the same time by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat. Armat then entered into a commercial alliance with Edison to manufacture the Vitascope, and the device exhibited projected motion pictures in New York City in April 1896.

The Lumière brothers held a unique place among all these simultaneous efforts, since they were innovative filmmakers as well as inventors and manufacturers. The many films they made ring 1895 and 1896, though very short, are considered pivotal in the history of motion pictures. Arroseur et arrosé (Waterer and Watered, 1896), a brief comedy drawn from a newspaper cartoon, shows a gardener getting drenched with a hose as the result of a boy’s prank. La sortie de l’usine Lumière à Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory, 1895) and Arrivée d’un train en gare (Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, 1896), which shows a train coming to a station and passengers getting off, were among the so-called actuality films—films that depicted actual events rather than a story told by actors—for which the Lumières became noted.

III ONE-REELERS

During the decade following the advent of projected motion pictures, films were shown as part of vaudeville or variety programs, at carnivals and fairgrounds, in lecture halls and churches, and graally in spaces converted for the exclusive exhibition of movies. Most films ran no longer than 10 to 12 minutes, which reflected the amount of film that could be wound on a standard reel for projection (hence the term one-reelers). Many were comedies or actualities, following the Lumière brothers’ example. Their purpose was spectacle—to show something astounding, unusual, titillating, or perhaps newsworthy. But filmmakers also struck out in new directions, especially toward fantasy and narrative.

French magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès was the outstanding creator of fantasy films in early cinema. Méliès exploited the new medium to enhance his magic acts through techniques such as stop-motion photography—interrupting the camera’s action and moving or substituting people and objects—so that, for example, a woman appeared to turn into a skeleton. He created elaborate backdrops with multiple scenes and costume changes for these so-called trick films that were widely emulated by other filmmakers. Of the hundreds of works he made between 1896 and 1912, perhaps the best-known is Le voyage dans la lune (A Trip to the Moon, 1902), which in one scene features the animated human face of the moon being struck in the eye by a rocket.

In the United States, a former projectionist and traveling exhibitor, Edwin S. Porter, took charge of motion-picture proction at Edison’s company in 1901 and began making longer films that told a story. As with Méliès’s films, these required multiple shots that could be edited into a narrative sequence. Porter’s most notable film—and the most famous work of early cinema—was The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is credited with establishing movies as a commercial entertainment medium. With its rapid shifts of location, including action on a moving train, this film offered spectators a breadth and immediacy of vision that became hallmarks of the cinema experience.

Spurred by The Great Train Robbery and subsequent story films, film exhibition greatly expanded in the United States around 1905. One phenomenon was the proliferation of nickelodeon theaters, converted storefronts in instrial cities that charged 5 cents for admission and attracted working-class audiences. Demand from these theaters increased the volume of film proction and the profits for procers, but it also brought forth criticism from reformers concerning unsanitary or unsafe conditions in theaters and immoral subject matter in films. In 1908 Edison took the lead in establishing the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC), a consortium of procers with common goals: controlling proction and distribution so as to eliminate cheap theaters, raising admission prices, cooperating with censorship bodies, and preventing film stock from getting into the hands of nonmember procers. However, the independent procers excluded from the MPPC continued to obtain materials and make the most popular films. They also led the way toward multireel, feature-length films. By 1915 the MPPC was under attack by the U.S. government as an illegal monopoly (although an ineffectual one), and the independents were combining into the companies that would dominate American filmmaking for decades to come.

IV SILENT MOVIES

With a few experimental exceptions, motion pictures from their earliest days until the late 1920s lacked synchronous sound (sound that matches the action). But silent movies were rarely silent. Early films almost always were projected with piano or organ accompaniment, and sometimes also with a narrator or live actors behind the screen. As feature-length films (four reels, with a running time of 40 to 50 minutes or more) became the norm in the 1910s, live orchestras began to play in larger theaters, frequently using music written specifically for the film.

Until World War I (1914-1918) European filmmakers dominated the world film market. France was considered the leading film-procing country, though Italy, Denmark, and other countries also played a significant role. However, the war, fought on European soil, disrupted commercial filmmaking there. With a sudden drop in European film exports, some regions, such as Latin America, experienced a brief surge in film proction. But U.S. companies soon took over markets overseas, using the same tactics of high-volume proction and lower prices that the Europeans had. By the 1920s some three-quarters of films screened around the world came from the United States.

A American Silent Movies

Even before the war, the United States had made its mark on the world filmmaking scene with epics and comedies. Moreover, U.S. moviemakers had begun to congregate in southern California in the Los Angeles suburb of Hollywood (see The Move to Hollywood, below), creating a film community apart from older urban centers of politics and the arts, and a magical new symbol for popular entertainment and glamour.

A1 D. W. Griffith

The work of D. W. Griffith exemplifies the transformation of motion pictures from the early days of one-reelers to an era of Hollywood’s worldwide dominance. Starting out as an actor in films directed by Edwin S. Porter, Griffith in 1908 became a director at the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York City. He was initially responsible for turning out two one-reel films a week, and between 1908 and 1913 he directed nearly 500 films. Amidst this breakneck schele, he and his co-workers developed many of the cinema’s basic storytelling conventions: moving the camera close to the action, using many separate shots, and editing the shots to cut back and forth among different actions. All these techniques served to shape a narrative, rather than present a spectacle as earlier films had tended to do. Griffith also nurtured performers such as Mary Pickford and Lillian Gish and emphasized an intimate, restrained style of acting suitable for camera close-ups.

Leaving Biograph in 1913 to make full-length features, Griffith planned a historical epic of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The Birth of a Nation (1915), three hours in length, stunned audiences with its dazzling spectacle of a still-recent event and established motion pictures as an art form for cultured spectators. Yet the film’s racist presumptions—specifically, its defense of white supremacy to protect racial purity—was controversial in its own time and remains repugnant decades later. Griffith made another epic, Intolerance (1916), which intertwined four stories about victims of prejudice, and continued to work as an independent filmmaker into the 1920s. Eventually, financial pressures forced him to become a director at a Hollywood studio, and he made his last film in 1931.

字数限制，没办法全发给你，如需要请留言。

Ⅳ “很难相信电影已经有100多年的历史了”英语意思是什么 英语是什么

It's hard to believe that the film has a history of more than 100 years

Ⅳ 英语电影 有关历史

近期的
百夫长Centurion (2010)
剧情
尹 胰 在公燥元117臣年，罗马试图端口入诸侵扦英迸国，跟随揩罗马赫争赫有泻名起的攀第楼九军攀团脂以及册军革团觉统帅“Virilus将臼军崖”箭远躲征英靖国的百喻夫瞎长昆图斯·哎迪牙亚斯馋（Quintus Dias），奉命瑟北上槽除掉丛匹谁克燃特族瞩人首臻领Gorlacon，墨并服将该棉族榴人狱斩滞尽刮杀伸绝。亩不过在茎匹克特雍人偷袭绷中，该忘军团全贯军癸覆灭，滁只有昆枚图斯·迪亚蹭斯椿得以幸存。投而欧嘉·柯诲瑞附兰寇饰骨演蹲的鹰艾嘘泰恩，因庸为与全家企被瓤罗勘马惭人杀害，她自惋己厦也被割掉了掀舌茹头，颐从而窑和昆嘘图斯典·迪缄亚斯一挚起走上了饿复仇办之路瓮。

分手信Dear John (2010)
剧情
影片改编自“美式纯爱系小说天王”尼古拉斯·斯帕克斯的小说，战争的创痛、爱情的心碎、成长的代价——种种际遇娓娓道来。

奇袭60阵地Beneath Hill 60 (2010)
剧情
奥利弗伍德沃德的非凡真实故事。这是1916年，德沃德泪别他的年轻女友，从军前往西部前线，其间还要穿越德国阵地。德沃德和他的团队从事秘密隧道工事，铺设炸药。他们的努力将改变战争的进程。

特殊关系The Special Relationship (2010)
剧情
影片聚焦的是1997年至2000年期间，当时的英国首相托尼·布莱尔与当时的美国总统比尔·克林顿之间的“亲密联系”。

国王的演讲The King's Speech (2010)
剧情
这部讲述伊丽莎白二世的父亲乔治六世国王生平的传记电影，在开拍伊始就被看好成为2011年各大奖项的种子选手。

公众之敌Public Enemies (2009)
剧情
在上世纪30年代的大萧条中，约翰·迪林格和同伙抢遍了美国的中西部银行，联邦调查局探员茂文·普维斯誓要将其捉拿归案。

本人非常推荐的
父辈的旗帜Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
剧情
改编自詹姆斯·布拉德利所着的小说《父辈的旗帜：硫黄岛战役的英雄们》，影片最值得关注的是伊斯特伍德怎样去展示“敌人”的故事

拯救大兵瑞恩Saving Private Ryan (1998)
剧情
当百万大军登陆诺曼底海滩时，一小队由约翰·米勒中尉（汤姆·汉克斯饰演）率领的美军士兵却深入敌区，冒着生命危险拯救一名士兵詹姆斯·雷恩（麦特·戴蒙饰演）。詹姆斯·雷恩是家中四兄弟的老幺，他的三名兄长都在这次战役中相继阵亡。美国作战总指挥部的将领为了不让这位不幸的母亲再承受丧子之痛，决定派一支特别小分队，将她仅存的儿子安全地救出战区。

风语者Windtalkers (2002)
剧情
二战中，纳瓦霍文被用作为最高机密的密码，因为日本军队没法解破它，因此保护纳瓦霍士兵加尔成了美国海军上尉乔的重要任务。

辛德勒的名单Schindler's List (1993)
剧情
德国投机商人辛德勒为了赚钱，在自己的工厂中使用廉价的犹太人。面对纳粹的屠杀，辛德勒开始想法保护尽可能多的犹太人。

肖申克的救赎The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
剧情
故事发厦生在1947匙年，橡银测行家倪安迪被篡当作假杀衙害妻仗子趾与悔情夫授的毡兇手送旗上斥法庭，犊安淋迪被竹判谓无期杉徙端刑根，纠这熔意赤味印着二他将狈在敢肖诣恩克监狱中渡郁过劈余生。

Ⅵ 关于电影分类的英语单词

1、奇幻电影——Fantasy Film

包含魔法、超自然现实事件、或是幻想生物如龙、半兽人以及幻想世界如魔戒中的中土。

奇幻电影（Fantasy Film）在电影的划分中可以与科幻电影以及恐怖电影（horror film）划为同一类型，具有代表性的作品包括《指环王》《霍比特人》《哈利波特》。

2、动作片——Action Films

又称为惊险动作片(Action-Adventure Films)，是以强烈紧张的惊险动作和视听张力为核心的影片类型。具备巨大的冲击力、持续的高效动能、一系列外在惊险动作和事件。

常常涉及追逐（徒步和交通工具）、营救、战斗、毁灭性灾难（洪水、爆炸、大火和自然灾害等）、搏斗、逃亡、持续的运动、惊人的节奏速度和历险的角色。

3、喜剧电影——Comedy film

其中主要强调的是幽默。《电影艺术词典》对喜剧片的定义是：“以产生结果是笑的效果为特征的故事片。在总体上有完整的喜剧性构思，创造出喜剧性的人物和背景。

4、恐怖电影——Scary Movie

以制造恐怖为目的的一种影片。故事内容荒诞离奇，引起恐怖。如描写鬼怪作祟、勾魂摄魄，描写凶猛动物噬人等等，使观众毛骨悚然。

5、爱情电影——love film

中心剧情主要围绕着故事主角恋爱关系发展的电影。该类电影常见的主题是，电影中的角色们基于相互间新发现的魅力而作出相应的决定。

Ⅶ 与音乐比较时,电影的历史很短 用英语怎么说

—— 英文：Compared with music, the history of movies is very short 与音乐比较时，电影的历史很短。

Ⅷ Historical film的英文解释 ,用一句话就行了 用英语解释什么是历史片

这里有两种意思吧,一种就是历史记录电影,即历史片,另一种应该和Classical一样表示古典和经典的意思吧,就是经典影片的意思,还请多指教
historical films aimed to reflect and record histoy events

Ⅸ 英语历史电影推荐

英语历史电影有很多，比如肖申克的救赎，美国内战等等！